There are plenty of software which locks drives and folder to protect your confidential data. Why waste money on such tools when you can do it with a simple registry tweak? Here’s how:
Caution: Before you attempt these tweaks, please make sure that you have a backup of your registry, just incase something goes wrong in the middle.
Locking Folders:
Consider you want to lock a folder named XXXX in your E:\, whose path is E:\XXXX.
Now open the Notepad and type the following
ren xxxx xxxx.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}
Where xxxx is your folder name. Save the text file as loc.bat in the same drive.
Open another new notepad text file and type the following
ren xxxx.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D} xxxx
Save the text file as key.bat in the same drive.
Steps to lock the folder:
To lock the xxxx folder, simply click the loc.bat and it will transform into control panel icon which is inaccessible.
To unlock the folder click the key.bat file. Thus the folder will be unlocked and the contents are accessible.
Locking Drives:
We don’t usually prefer to lock our drives, but sometimes it becomes nesscary. Say for instance you might have stored your office documents in D:\ and you don’t want your kids to access it, in such case this technique can be useful for you. Please don’t try this tweak with your root drive (usually C:\ is the root drive) since root drives are not intended to be locked because they are mandatory for the system and application programs.
Start & Run and type Regedit to open Registry editor
Browse HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Curre ntVersion\Policies\Explorer
Create a new DWORD value NoViewOnDrive and set its value as
2^ (Alpha Number of Drive Letter-1) where Alpha number are simple counting of alphabets from A to Z as 1 - 26
For example: to lock C:\, Alpha number of C is 3 so 2^ (3-1) = 4 (decimal value)
To lock more drives, calculate the value of each drive and then set sum of those numbers as value
To unlock your drive just delete the key from the registry
7:37 PM |
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Category:
��
7:36 PM |
Posted in
This tip is very interesting for home and some small office users, who wants to restrict user's ability to shutdown their computer. You can hide the Shutdown button from the Start menu using registry editor and also restrict access to shutdown .
Follow the given steps to hide system shutdown button from start menu:
*
To use this feature, you will need to be logged into your computer with
administrative rights.
*
Click Start button and type regedit in Run option then press Enter for next.
*
Here locate the location to:
*
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion \Policies\Explorer
*
Here in right side panel, right click to create a new DWORD value with name NoClose.
*
Now assign number 1 to its value data box.
*
Now close the registry editor and restart your computer after any changes to go into effect.
*
But next time, if you want to unhide the shutdown button then simply change the value data box to 0 or delete this DWORD item.
*
Again close the registry editor and restart your computer after any changes to go into effect.
*
Follow the given steps to hide system shutdown button from start menu:
*
To use this feature, you will need to be logged into your computer with
administrative rights.
*
Click Start button and type regedit in Run option then press Enter for next.
*
Here locate the location to:
*
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion \Policies\Explorer
*
Here in right side panel, right click to create a new DWORD value with name NoClose.
*
Now assign number 1 to its value data box.
*
Now close the registry editor and restart your computer after any changes to go into effect.
*
But next time, if you want to unhide the shutdown button then simply change the value data box to 0 or delete this DWORD item.
*
Again close the registry editor and restart your computer after any changes to go into effect.
*
Category:
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7:35 PM |
Posted in
Many times in schools, colleges & offices surfing some sites like orkut,etc are banned !
To overcome this you can unblock these or block some other websites and play pranks !
Do The Following :
For eg you want to block www.xyz.com !
* Open the folder C:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc
* There you will find a file named HOSTS
* Click on the file and press SHIFT and now right click on it .
* From the right click menu select Open with .
* Now, select Notepad to open the file from the list !
* Now, in the file under the line 127.0.0.1 localhost add another line as 127.0.0.2 www.xyz.com.
* Now, File>>Save !
Now, open your web browser and try openning www.xyz.com , it will not load !
To unblock sites just do the opposite !
To overcome this you can unblock these or block some other websites and play pranks !
Do The Following :
For eg you want to block www.xyz.com !
* Open the folder C:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc
* There you will find a file named HOSTS
* Click on the file and press SHIFT and now right click on it .
* From the right click menu select Open with .
* Now, select Notepad to open the file from the list !
* Now, in the file under the line 127.0.0.1 localhost add another line as 127.0.0.2 www.xyz.com.
* Now, File>>Save !
Now, open your web browser and try openning www.xyz.com , it will not load !
To unblock sites just do the opposite !
Category:
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7:18 PM |
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1.Minimize Hack
The first hack that I have here is the popular Firefox Minimize Hack that has recently flashed through the internet. The purpose of this hack tries to keep Firefox from eating up your physical RAM and instead puts the burden on your hard drive, or at least that is the general reason behind it. To implement this hack, perform the following steps.
1. With Firefox up and running, type about:config and hit enter.
2. Right click on the new page and select New -> Boolean.
3. In the pop-up window, type in “config.trim_on_minimize” without quotes and hit enter.
4. In the next pop-up window, select True and hit enter.
5. Restart your browser
Result:With that done, open up a bunch of tabs and monitor the memory usage. In my first run without this hack, Firefox was using 137.8 Mb of Ram. With all 30 tabs open again, Firefox was using 118.4 Mb, but when minimized this dropped to an astounding 4 Mb. However, this was too good to be true, I left Firefox minimized and came back 12 minutes later and the memory use had slowly creeped up to 42.4 Mb. While this was 10 times larger than the initial 4.2 Mb, I was still saving about 75 Mb.
The first hack that I have here is the popular Firefox Minimize Hack that has recently flashed through the internet. The purpose of this hack tries to keep Firefox from eating up your physical RAM and instead puts the burden on your hard drive, or at least that is the general reason behind it. To implement this hack, perform the following steps.
1. With Firefox up and running, type about:config and hit enter.
2. Right click on the new page and select New -> Boolean.
3. In the pop-up window, type in “config.trim_on_minimize” without quotes and hit enter.
4. In the next pop-up window, select True and hit enter.
5. Restart your browser
Result:With that done, open up a bunch of tabs and monitor the memory usage. In my first run without this hack, Firefox was using 137.8 Mb of Ram. With all 30 tabs open again, Firefox was using 118.4 Mb, but when minimized this dropped to an astounding 4 Mb. However, this was too good to be true, I left Firefox minimized and came back 12 minutes later and the memory use had slowly creeped up to 42.4 Mb. While this was 10 times larger than the initial 4.2 Mb, I was still saving about 75 Mb.
Category:
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7:12 PM |
Posted in
This next group of hacks all relate to the network.http group in about:config. Basically these various options open up your network connection to Firefox, permitting it to access information online as quickly as your connection will permit you. Since the majority of readers utilize broadband connections, this will benefit you, but people using dial up modems (56k) this is not going to benefit you much, sorry. To implement these hacks, perform the following steps.
1. With Firefox up and running, type about:config and hit enter.
2a. Find the entry called “network.http.pipelining” and set it to “true”.
2b. Find the entry called “network.http.proxy.pipelining” and set it to “true”.
2c. Find the entry called “network.http.pipelining.maxrequests” and set it to 16-32, but beware, if set too high you may risk banning yourself from various servers by being mistaken for a DoS attack.
3. Restart your browser.
Result:With these options enabled, webpages load faster, pictures in particular. When I went to Flickr.com and started clicking around, all the pictures loaded at one time unlike how it used to load one picture at a time.
1. With Firefox up and running, type about:config and hit enter.
2a. Find the entry called “network.http.pipelining” and set it to “true”.
2b. Find the entry called “network.http.proxy.pipelining” and set it to “true”.
2c. Find the entry called “network.http.pipelining.maxrequests” and set it to 16-32, but beware, if set too high you may risk banning yourself from various servers by being mistaken for a DoS attack.
3. Restart your browser.
Result:With these options enabled, webpages load faster, pictures in particular. When I went to Flickr.com and started clicking around, all the pictures loaded at one time unlike how it used to load one picture at a time.
Category:
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7:07 PM |
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This can be an impressive bit of personalization. Use your name or moniker to brand Internet Explorer. Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\ and left-click on Main to change the string "Window Title" to whatever you wish.
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7:06 PM |
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here are the steps to perform:-
Logic: the server has a major bug in it, by which it fails to block two simultaneous connections
from the phone and establishes a connection with full internet working,
Supported devices: all phones with multichannel gprs support
For connection on your mobile phone:-
1) Make two connections like bsnlportal and BSNLPORTAL1
(names of profile don’t matter, u can keep one as billgates and shahrukhkhan lol..
the basic purpose of names is to enable the user to differentiate between the two accounts,)
2) Select the application you got to have the full connection working on.
Surpassingly “web” now just select “bsnlportal” profile and select a link like wap.cellone.in the page will get open,
just press the red button such that the “web” application goes in the background.
Make sure that the gprs connection is still established with the web app.
Two parallel lines on the top left of the screen will confirm this
3) Now open any other app that requires web connection like opera.
Select BSNLPORTAL and open any other link like wap.google.com, u will get error –
the aim of using the other app is to perform multi-channel gprs,
this is verified by seeing some dots on the pre-existing connection established by “web”
(step 2)
“Access denied.
Technical description:
403 Forbidden - You are not allowed to communicate with the requested resource.”
4) close opera and open web and open a site like esato.com
5) if everything is done as said here then esato will load and voila! We have the whole internet!
For connection on pc.
1)create a connection and enter the number to be dialed as *99***1#
2) enter the following string as extra initialization command
3)now dial from pc, the connection will be established
4)pick the phone and open “web” open “wap.cellone.in” the phone shows error .
5) close “web” and then from the browser open www.google.com
and voila! The whole intenet is here
settings for profiles
apn: celloneportal
ip: 192.168.51.163
port : 8080
leave other fields blank as they are of the least concern!
the browser settings on pc too go the same as mentioned above!
Logic: the server has a major bug in it, by which it fails to block two simultaneous connections
from the phone and establishes a connection with full internet working,
Supported devices: all phones with multichannel gprs support
For connection on your mobile phone:-
1) Make two connections like bsnlportal and BSNLPORTAL1
(names of profile don’t matter, u can keep one as billgates and shahrukhkhan lol..
the basic purpose of names is to enable the user to differentiate between the two accounts,)
2) Select the application you got to have the full connection working on.
Surpassingly “web” now just select “bsnlportal” profile and select a link like wap.cellone.in the page will get open,
just press the red button such that the “web” application goes in the background.
Make sure that the gprs connection is still established with the web app.
Two parallel lines on the top left of the screen will confirm this
3) Now open any other app that requires web connection like opera.
Select BSNLPORTAL and open any other link like wap.google.com, u will get error –
the aim of using the other app is to perform multi-channel gprs,
this is verified by seeing some dots on the pre-existing connection established by “web”
(step 2)
“Access denied.
Technical description:
403 Forbidden - You are not allowed to communicate with the requested resource.”
4) close opera and open web and open a site like esato.com
5) if everything is done as said here then esato will load and voila! We have the whole internet!
For connection on pc.
1)create a connection and enter the number to be dialed as *99***1#
2) enter the following string as extra initialization command
3)now dial from pc, the connection will be established
4)pick the phone and open “web” open “wap.cellone.in” the phone shows error .
5) close “web” and then from the browser open www.google.com
and voila! The whole intenet is here
settings for profiles
apn: celloneportal
ip: 192.168.51.163
port : 8080
leave other fields blank as they are of the least concern!
the browser settings on pc too go the same as mentioned above!
Category:
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7:03 PM |
Posted in
Mobile GPRS Hacks
Requirements:
1. Airtel live (available 4 free)
2. Nokia series60 handset eg 6600,6630,n series,7610,6670 etc
3. Opera wap browser 4 mobile
Procedure:-
1. Go to ur connection settings and make a new internet profile using the default settings of airtel live.
name that new profile as nething(for eg masala); change the home page of that profile to nething u like for
eg www.google.com.
2. Go to ur Opera browser and set the default connection as AIRTEL LIVE. this is the original settings u received
thru airtel.
3. Go to the services(in n6600) and Web(N6630) and change the default profile for connection as masala (newer one).
**Note: always make sure that ur access point is airtelfun.com
Apply:-
1. Open Opera and u will see that homepage of Airtel Live is opened. Minimize the application.
2. Now open web using the duplicate Profile and u will see that two gprs connections will work simultaneously
and at the web or the services page it will show "Unable to connect" or any error. well thats the signal of ur success.
3. Simply go on the Opera with web on and open any site u want for free. No Charges No nothing.
U can also use it through ur computer..........
someone said dis too
The main principle behind this is we hav 2 fool the bsnl techies 2 activate portal and thus get gprs
activated / get "G" signal on ur cell as bsnl portal (wap.cellone.in) needs "gprs signal on ur cel
(whether gprs is formaly activated/registerd or not (by my method )i dont know)
NORMALLY THEY DONT DO THAT INSPITE OF THE FACT THAT THEY SHOULD ACTIVATE GPRS SIGNAL SERVICE FOR PORTAL!!!
AND THEY WILL GIVE U NO OF REASONS----
---THAT portal is message based , so go to cellone icon in menu and use that sms based portal (what the f**k)
---THAT portal service will be activated when u will activate gprs by filling up form and registering at nearest CCN!!
---THAT ur handset has some problems (if u say that "G" signal is not present)
----etc,etc!!
U HAVE 2 ACTIVATE PORTAL FIRST WHICH IS FREE AND U CAN EAT UP CC'S FOR THIS REASON!!
SO WHAT U HAV 2 DO IS--
1) SEND PORTAL to 3733 AND CONFIRMATION SHD COME WITH 5 MIN AT-MAXIMM !!
2) SEND FOR ATLEAST 20-30 TIMES (CAN B ANY MORE THAN THAT)
JUST S**K UP THE NETWORK(3733) WITH THESE MESSAGES !!!
THAT'S FREE NO!! BOTH ON POST AND PRE!!
3) NOW ALONG ALSO SEND 20-40 SMS AS GPRS TO 3733
(NO OF SMS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL 2 HATE FOR BSNL AND HOW EARLY U WNAN GET UR GPRS ACTIVATED) this is also
free both on post and pre!!
4) U WILL GET CONFIRMATION IN BOTH CASES AND MSG TELLS U 2 GET SETTINGS FROM 9400024365, THE NO OF CC!!
HERE AT MY PLACE I CAN DIAL 9419024365 ALSO!
BOTH R TOLL FREE AND BOTH R LOCATED IN CHANDIGARH!!!
(((((((AND SOME OF THE CC'S SAY they cant give such sensitive information that where they r located,
as if thay have a 3 rd world of their own! and the other dumbs said that they r in chandigarh!!!!)))))
I WOULD ADVISE ALL FIRST, 2 call them once 2 get the settings!!
(most of the times that is incorect but gives u an idea of settings in ur area))
Try and in ur 1 st call only,
talk roughly and tell them u r calling 10-20th time just for settings and is that their service!!!
5) Now when u get them save them AND plz post them here!!!
6) now GET ATLEAST 2-3 COMPLAINTS REGISTERED( each after 1 day) THAT UR PORTAL HAS NOT ACTIVATED AND GET THEIR SERIAL NO.
and in the end bombard them abt the status of all those complaints !!
b4 registering ur complaint they will hesitate much and always say taht they will b sendin new settings
which r accurate! but dont belive them and just register complaints!!
6)AFTER THAT, u have 2 only wait until "G" signal is there on ur screen!!
LOOK, WHAT I HAVE WRIITEN ABV IS METHOD by which i got activated my "G" service !!! without fillin any form or
such and without any money drain!!
may be since it bypasses the formal way of registeration, that is why this trick is working !!!!!!!!!!!!
U may also Try this
first open ur msg window and type LIVE and send it to 2567 so that after 5 min u get the setting of Airtel
Live or if u have already no need for this procedure.
now then open that setting and copy all the settings from it and create one access point manually
which has all the settings like Airtel Live has.
now only one change will be there and it would be in access point name which is "Airtelmms.com"
instead of originally "Airtelgprs.com".
ok u've done it just active that setting and access free airtel gprs on ur phone.
a recent comment says dat
Guys i tried and its working, I'm using airtel chennai,..the Method TWO worked,
also i request everyone to change the Phone number from *99***2 to *99***1 and its working,..
it'll get connected at 462.8kbps but its the speed between the phone and your computer but actual BAndwidth is 42kbps
1. Airtel live (available 4 free)
2. Nokia series60 handset eg 6600,6630,n series,7610,6670 etc
3. Opera wap browser 4 mobile
Procedure:-
1. Go to ur connection settings and make a new internet profile using the default settings of airtel live.
name that new profile as nething(for eg masala); change the home page of that profile to nething u like for
eg www.google.com.
2. Go to ur Opera browser and set the default connection as AIRTEL LIVE. this is the original settings u received
thru airtel.
3. Go to the services(in n6600) and Web(N6630) and change the default profile for connection as masala (newer one).
**Note: always make sure that ur access point is airtelfun.com
Apply:-
1. Open Opera and u will see that homepage of Airtel Live is opened. Minimize the application.
2. Now open web using the duplicate Profile and u will see that two gprs connections will work simultaneously
and at the web or the services page it will show "Unable to connect" or any error. well thats the signal of ur success.
3. Simply go on the Opera with web on and open any site u want for free. No Charges No nothing.
U can also use it through ur computer..........
someone said dis too
The main principle behind this is we hav 2 fool the bsnl techies 2 activate portal and thus get gprs
activated / get "G" signal on ur cell as bsnl portal (wap.cellone.in) needs "gprs signal on ur cel
(whether gprs is formaly activated/registerd or not (by my method )i dont know)
NORMALLY THEY DONT DO THAT INSPITE OF THE FACT THAT THEY SHOULD ACTIVATE GPRS SIGNAL SERVICE FOR PORTAL!!!
AND THEY WILL GIVE U NO OF REASONS----
---THAT portal is message based , so go to cellone icon in menu and use that sms based portal (what the f**k)
---THAT portal service will be activated when u will activate gprs by filling up form and registering at nearest CCN!!
---THAT ur handset has some problems (if u say that "G" signal is not present)
----etc,etc!!
U HAVE 2 ACTIVATE PORTAL FIRST WHICH IS FREE AND U CAN EAT UP CC'S FOR THIS REASON!!
SO WHAT U HAV 2 DO IS--
1) SEND PORTAL to 3733 AND CONFIRMATION SHD COME WITH 5 MIN AT-MAXIMM !!
2) SEND FOR ATLEAST 20-30 TIMES (CAN B ANY MORE THAN THAT)
JUST S**K UP THE NETWORK(3733) WITH THESE MESSAGES !!!
THAT'S FREE NO!! BOTH ON POST AND PRE!!
3) NOW ALONG ALSO SEND 20-40 SMS AS GPRS TO 3733
(NO OF SMS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL 2 HATE FOR BSNL AND HOW EARLY U WNAN GET UR GPRS ACTIVATED) this is also
free both on post and pre!!
4) U WILL GET CONFIRMATION IN BOTH CASES AND MSG TELLS U 2 GET SETTINGS FROM 9400024365, THE NO OF CC!!
HERE AT MY PLACE I CAN DIAL 9419024365 ALSO!
BOTH R TOLL FREE AND BOTH R LOCATED IN CHANDIGARH!!!
(((((((AND SOME OF THE CC'S SAY they cant give such sensitive information that where they r located,
as if thay have a 3 rd world of their own! and the other dumbs said that they r in chandigarh!!!!)))))
I WOULD ADVISE ALL FIRST, 2 call them once 2 get the settings!!
(most of the times that is incorect but gives u an idea of settings in ur area))
Try and in ur 1 st call only,
talk roughly and tell them u r calling 10-20th time just for settings and is that their service!!!
5) Now when u get them save them AND plz post them here!!!
6) now GET ATLEAST 2-3 COMPLAINTS REGISTERED( each after 1 day) THAT UR PORTAL HAS NOT ACTIVATED AND GET THEIR SERIAL NO.
and in the end bombard them abt the status of all those complaints !!
b4 registering ur complaint they will hesitate much and always say taht they will b sendin new settings
which r accurate! but dont belive them and just register complaints!!
6)AFTER THAT, u have 2 only wait until "G" signal is there on ur screen!!
LOOK, WHAT I HAVE WRIITEN ABV IS METHOD by which i got activated my "G" service !!! without fillin any form or
such and without any money drain!!
may be since it bypasses the formal way of registeration, that is why this trick is working !!!!!!!!!!!!
U may also Try this
first open ur msg window and type LIVE and send it to 2567 so that after 5 min u get the setting of Airtel
Live or if u have already no need for this procedure.
now then open that setting and copy all the settings from it and create one access point manually
which has all the settings like Airtel Live has.
now only one change will be there and it would be in access point name which is "Airtelmms.com"
instead of originally "Airtelgprs.com".
ok u've done it just active that setting and access free airtel gprs on ur phone.
a recent comment says dat
Guys i tried and its working, I'm using airtel chennai,..the Method TWO worked,
also i request everyone to change the Phone number from *99***2 to *99***1 and its working,..
it'll get connected at 462.8kbps but its the speed between the phone and your computer but actual BAndwidth is 42kbps
Category:
Mobile GPRS Hacks
��
6:57 PM |
Posted in
Mobile GPRS Hacks
these are all the tricks i know so far
~cheers~
You need a PC or a Laptop and the required connectivity tools ,ie.,
Serial/USB cable OR Infrared Device OR Bluetooth dongle
1) Activate Airtel Live! ( It’s FREE so no probs)
2) Create TWO Airtel gprs data accounts (yep TWO) and select the
FIRST as the active profile.
3) Connect your mobile to the PC (or Laptop) and install the driver for
your mobile’s modem.
4) Create a new dial-up connection using the NEW CONNECTION
WIZARD as follows
Connecting Device : Your mobile’s modem
ISP Name : Airtel (or anything you like)
Phone Number : *99***2# / Try 99***1
Username and Password : blank
5) Configure your browser and download manager to use the proxy
100.1.200.99 and port 8080.( My advice is to use Opera since you
can browse both wap and regular websites)
6) Connect to the dial-up account. You will be connected at 115.2
kbps (but remember, that is a bad joke).
7) Pick up your mobile and try to access any site. You will get “Access
Denied…”(except for Airtel Live!). IT DOES NOT MATTER.
Keep the mobile down.
8 ) On the PC ( or Laptop) open your browser, enter any address ,
press ENTER and…….WAIT
9) After a few seconds the page will start to load and you have the
WHOLE internet at your disposal.
************************************************************************************
Under DATA COMM
~~~~~~~~~~~~
APN : airtelfun.com
USERNAME : blank
PASSWORD : blank
PASS REQ : OFF
ALLOW CALLS : AUTOMATIC
IPADDRESS :
DNSADDRESS :
DATA COMP : OFF
HEADER COMP : OFF
Under INTERNET PROFILES
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
INTERNET MODE : HTTP or WAP (both worked for me)
USE PROXY : YES
IP ADDRESS : 100.1.200.99
PORT : 8080
USERNAME :
PASSWORD :
No Risk Here, Try it and Enjoy
*************************************************************************************
1st go to settings menu then to connectivity tab now choose the option Data comm.
then "DATA ACCOUNTS" go to new account now the settings r as follows
ACCOUNT TYPE:GPRS
NEW ACCOUNT NAME:A1
APN:airtelfun.com
usr name: (blank)
password: (blank)
now save it
NOW!
go to Internet Setting in connectivity here choose intrnet profile--go to new profile setting are as below
NAME:A1
CONNECT USING:A1(which was created in data comm.)
save it
now u would be able to see it now selest it and take "more" option
then select setting here in use proxy option it will be selected no if it is no then change it into yes
now go to proxy adress and give the adress as
100.1.200.99 and then the port number as 8080
Usr name:
password:
now save all the settings u made . come back 2 connectivity
choose streaming settings now in connect using option choose a1 that we created leave the use proxy option as no itself
THESE R THE SETTINGS
now access airtellive! from ur activated SE phone goto VIDEO GALLERY OR VIDEO UNLIMITED(varies according to states)
choose live streaming then choose CNBC OR AAJTAK WHILE CONNECTING TO MEDIA SERVER cancel AFTER 9 or 10 sec then
type any web adress if it shows access denied then once again select CNBC and wait for a few more sec than before
if its fully connected also no prob its free then cancel it or if ur connected then stop it and the internet is
ready to take of .GOOD LUCK SE AIRTEL USERS
*************************************************************************************
~cheers~
You need a PC or a Laptop and the required connectivity tools ,ie.,
Serial/USB cable OR Infrared Device OR Bluetooth dongle
1) Activate Airtel Live! ( It’s FREE so no probs)
2) Create TWO Airtel gprs data accounts (yep TWO) and select the
FIRST as the active profile.
3) Connect your mobile to the PC (or Laptop) and install the driver for
your mobile’s modem.
4) Create a new dial-up connection using the NEW CONNECTION
WIZARD as follows
Connecting Device : Your mobile’s modem
ISP Name : Airtel (or anything you like)
Phone Number : *99***2# / Try 99***1
Username and Password : blank
5) Configure your browser and download manager to use the proxy
100.1.200.99 and port 8080.( My advice is to use Opera since you
can browse both wap and regular websites)
6) Connect to the dial-up account. You will be connected at 115.2
kbps (but remember, that is a bad joke).
7) Pick up your mobile and try to access any site. You will get “Access
Denied…”(except for Airtel Live!). IT DOES NOT MATTER.
Keep the mobile down.
8 ) On the PC ( or Laptop) open your browser, enter any address ,
press ENTER and…….WAIT
9) After a few seconds the page will start to load and you have the
WHOLE internet at your disposal.
************************************************************************************
Under DATA COMM
~~~~~~~~~~~~
APN : airtelfun.com
USERNAME : blank
PASSWORD : blank
PASS REQ : OFF
ALLOW CALLS : AUTOMATIC
IPADDRESS :
DNSADDRESS :
DATA COMP : OFF
HEADER COMP : OFF
Under INTERNET PROFILES
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
INTERNET MODE : HTTP or WAP (both worked for me)
USE PROXY : YES
IP ADDRESS : 100.1.200.99
PORT : 8080
USERNAME :
PASSWORD :
No Risk Here, Try it and Enjoy
*************************************************************************************
1st go to settings menu then to connectivity tab now choose the option Data comm.
then "DATA ACCOUNTS" go to new account now the settings r as follows
ACCOUNT TYPE:GPRS
NEW ACCOUNT NAME:A1
APN:airtelfun.com
usr name: (blank)
password: (blank)
now save it
NOW!
go to Internet Setting in connectivity here choose intrnet profile--go to new profile setting are as below
NAME:A1
CONNECT USING:A1(which was created in data comm.)
save it
now u would be able to see it now selest it and take "more" option
then select setting here in use proxy option it will be selected no if it is no then change it into yes
now go to proxy adress and give the adress as
100.1.200.99 and then the port number as 8080
Usr name:
password:
now save all the settings u made . come back 2 connectivity
choose streaming settings now in connect using option choose a1 that we created leave the use proxy option as no itself
THESE R THE SETTINGS
now access airtellive! from ur activated SE phone goto VIDEO GALLERY OR VIDEO UNLIMITED(varies according to states)
choose live streaming then choose CNBC OR AAJTAK WHILE CONNECTING TO MEDIA SERVER cancel AFTER 9 or 10 sec then
type any web adress if it shows access denied then once again select CNBC and wait for a few more sec than before
if its fully connected also no prob its free then cancel it or if ur connected then stop it and the internet is
ready to take of .GOOD LUCK SE AIRTEL USERS
*************************************************************************************
Category:
Mobile GPRS Hacks
��
6:56 PM |
Posted in
Mobile GPRS Hacks
well theres sort of a way but its not tryed much:
Create an access point for your phone, going bye my 7610 i follow this path,
Settings, Connection, Access points, Options, New access point,default settings
now these are the settings wich i have used
ConnectionName: realy you can use anything here even poopoo if you want as long as you can remember it,
Data bearer: GPRS
Access point name, ok now you need to put the name that you gave to your (BT,NTL,or wot eva)
connection when pairing it up with pc, ok now
Username: just put none
Password: No
Authentication: Normal
Gateway IP Address : 0.0.0.0
ok now go to
settings,,connection,,and select GPRS
set the GPRS connection to when available, and the access point to none
thats it for the settings... ok now;
Create a serial port connection from ur pc to ur phone ,
this serial connection must always be on when you want to use your pc internet connection as a gprs connection for ur phone!!
Install the software u need to surf the web ,,netfronts cool
hope this wrks with you matey.........
Create an access point for your phone, going bye my 7610 i follow this path,
Settings, Connection, Access points, Options, New access point,default settings
now these are the settings wich i have used
ConnectionName: realy you can use anything here even poopoo if you want as long as you can remember it,
Data bearer: GPRS
Access point name, ok now you need to put the name that you gave to your (BT,NTL,or wot eva)
connection when pairing it up with pc, ok now
Username: just put none
Password: No
Authentication: Normal
Gateway IP Address : 0.0.0.0
ok now go to
settings,,connection,,and select GPRS
set the GPRS connection to when available, and the access point to none
thats it for the settings... ok now;
Create a serial port connection from ur pc to ur phone ,
this serial connection must always be on when you want to use your pc internet connection as a gprs connection for ur phone!!
Install the software u need to surf the web ,,netfronts cool
hope this wrks with you matey.........
Category:
Mobile GPRS Hacks
��
6:54 PM |
Posted in
Mobile GPRS Hacks
Trick Airtel Live GPRS access for PC 115.2 Kbps Internet
u need a PC or a Laptop and the required connectivity tools ,ie.,
Serial/USB cable OR Infrared Device OR Bluetooth dongle
1) Activate Airtel Live! ( It's FREE so no probs)
2) Create one Airtel gprs data accounts and select the
it as the active profile.
CODEUnder DATA COMM
~~~~~~~~~~~~
GATEWAY : 100.1.200.99
APN : airtelfun.com
USERNAME : blank
PASSWORD : blank
PASS REQ : OFF
ALLOW CALLS : AUTOMATIC
IPADDRESS :
DNSADDRESS :
DATA COMP : OFF
HEADER COMP : OFF
Under INTERNET PROFILES
INTERNET MODE : HTTP or WAP (both works)
USE PROXY : YES
IP ADDRESS : 100.1.200.99
PORT : 8080
USERNAME :
PASSWORD :
3) Connect your mobile to the PC (or Laptop) and install the driver for
your mobile's modem.
4) Create a new dial-up connection using the NEW CONNECTION
WIZARD as follows
Connecting Device : Your mobile's modem
ISP Name : Airtel (or anything you like)
Phone Number : *99***1#
Username and Password : blank
5) Configure your browser and download manager to use the proxy
100.1.200.99 and port 8080.( My advice is to use Opera since you
can browse both wap and regular websites)
6) Connect to the dial-up account. You will be connected at 115.2
kbps (NOTE* 115.2 KBPS IS A SPEED BETWEEN UR PC AND PHONE ).
7) Pick up your mobile and try to access any site. You will get "Access
Denied..."(except for Airtel Live!). IT DOES NOT MATTER.
Keep the mobile down.
8 ) On the PC ( or Laptop) open your browser, enter any address ,
press ENTER and.......WAIT
9) After a few seconds the page will start to load and you have the
WHOLE internet at your disposal.
QUOTE
pls Note If u are getting any error wile dialing a dial up connection than go to
Control panel>> Phone and modem>>>select modem and click on its
properties >>advanced
and enter the following initialization commands
CODEAT+CGDCONT=2, "IP","airtelfun.com","",0,0
and click on ok now connect to gprs it will be conn
u need a PC or a Laptop and the required connectivity tools ,ie.,
Serial/USB cable OR Infrared Device OR Bluetooth dongle
1) Activate Airtel Live! ( It's FREE so no probs)
2) Create one Airtel gprs data accounts and select the
it as the active profile.
CODEUnder DATA COMM
~~~~~~~~~~~~
GATEWAY : 100.1.200.99
APN : airtelfun.com
USERNAME : blank
PASSWORD : blank
PASS REQ : OFF
ALLOW CALLS : AUTOMATIC
IPADDRESS :
DNSADDRESS :
DATA COMP : OFF
HEADER COMP : OFF
Under INTERNET PROFILES
INTERNET MODE : HTTP or WAP (both works)
USE PROXY : YES
IP ADDRESS : 100.1.200.99
PORT : 8080
USERNAME :
PASSWORD :
3) Connect your mobile to the PC (or Laptop) and install the driver for
your mobile's modem.
4) Create a new dial-up connection using the NEW CONNECTION
WIZARD as follows
Connecting Device : Your mobile's modem
ISP Name : Airtel (or anything you like)
Phone Number : *99***1#
Username and Password : blank
5) Configure your browser and download manager to use the proxy
100.1.200.99 and port 8080.( My advice is to use Opera since you
can browse both wap and regular websites)
6) Connect to the dial-up account. You will be connected at 115.2
kbps (NOTE* 115.2 KBPS IS A SPEED BETWEEN UR PC AND PHONE ).
7) Pick up your mobile and try to access any site. You will get "Access
Denied..."(except for Airtel Live!). IT DOES NOT MATTER.
Keep the mobile down.
8 ) On the PC ( or Laptop) open your browser, enter any address ,
press ENTER and.......WAIT
9) After a few seconds the page will start to load and you have the
WHOLE internet at your disposal.
QUOTE
pls Note If u are getting any error wile dialing a dial up connection than go to
Control panel>> Phone and modem>>>select modem and click on its
properties >>advanced
and enter the following initialization commands
CODEAT+CGDCONT=2, "IP","airtelfun.com","",0,0
and click on ok now connect to gprs it will be conn
Category:
Mobile GPRS Hacks
��
6:51 PM |
Posted in
Mobile GPRS Hacks
Activate AIRTEL LIVE on Your GPRS Phone.......Which is free of cost as you all know.
In airtel live ,there is a yahoo zone which gives you Y!Mail n Y! Messenger service for Rs 30/per month.......
but using my method you can run the Y!Messenger for as long as you want for ZERO CHARGE.......
Go to 'Go to Address' option.....
Type in http://in.mm.yahoo.com n as page opens...LOGIN n njoy uninterrupted n free messenger services.........
CONNECTING PEOPLE..........GAUFIRE..............LOlzzzzzzzzzz
Happy Chatting...........
In airtel live ,there is a yahoo zone which gives you Y!Mail n Y! Messenger service for Rs 30/per month.......
but using my method you can run the Y!Messenger for as long as you want for ZERO CHARGE.......
Go to 'Go to Address' option.....
Type in http://in.mm.yahoo.com n as page opens...LOGIN n njoy uninterrupted n free messenger services.........
CONNECTING PEOPLE..........GAUFIRE..............LOlzzzzzzzzzz
Happy Chatting...........
Category:
Mobile GPRS Hacks
��
6:48 PM |
Posted in
Study Guide
====Memory hierarchy====
[[Image:NEC 128mb ram.JPG|right|thumb|One module of 128MB NEC SD-RAM.]]
Many computer systems have a memory hierarchy consisting of [[CPU register]]s, on-die [[Static random access memory|SRAM]] caches,
external [[cache]]s, [[DRAM]], [[paging]] systems, and [[virtual memory]] or [[swap space]] on a hard drive.
This entire pool of memory may be referred to as "RAM" by many developers, even though the various subsystems can have very different [[access time]]s,
violating the original concept behind the ''random access'' term in RAM. Even within a hierarchy level such as DRAM,
the specific row, column, bank, rank, channel, or [[interleave]] organization of the components make the access time variable,
although not to the extent that rotating [[storage media]] or a tape is variable. (Generally,
the memory hierarchy follows the access time with the fast CPU registers at the top and the slow hard drive at the bottom.)
In most modern personal computers,
the RAM comes in easily upgraded form of modules called '''[[DIMM|memory module]]s''' or '''[[DIMM|DRAM module]]s'''
about the size of a few sticks of chewing gum. These can quickly be replaced should they become damaged or too small for current purposes.
As suggested above, ''smaller'' amounts of RAM (mostly SRAM) are also integrated in the [[CPU]] and other [[IC]]s on the [[motherboard]],
as well as in hard-drives, [[CD-ROM]]s, and several other parts of the computer system.
=====Swapping=====
If a computer becomes low on RAM during intensive application cycles, the computer can resort to [[swapping]]. In this case,
the computer temporarily uses [[hard drive]] space as additional memory.
Constantly relying on this type of backup memory is called [[Thrash (computer science)|thrashing]],
which is generally undesirable because it lowers overall system performance. In order to reduce the dependency on swapping,
more RAM can be installed.
The notion of read-only data can also refer to file system permissions.
Computer memory types
Volatile
* DRAM, e.g. DDR SDRAM
* SRAM
* Upcoming
o Z-RAM
o TTRAM
* Historical
o Williams tube
o Delay line memory
Non-volatile
* ROM
o PROM
o EAROM
o EPROM
o EEPROM
* Flash memory
* Upcoming
o FeRAM
o MRAM
o CBRAM
o PRAM
o SONOS
o RRAM
o Racetrack memory
o NRAM
* Historical
o Drum memory
o Magnetic core memory
o Plated wire memory
o Bubble memory
o Twistor memory
Read-only memory (usually known by its acronym, ROM) is a class of storage media used in computers and other electronic devices.
Because data stored in ROM cannot be modified (at least not very quickly or easily),
it is mainly used to distribute firmware (software that is very closely tied to specific hardware, and unlikely to require frequent updates).
Modern semiconductor ROM chips are not immediately distinguishable from similar chips like RAM modules, except by the part numbers printed on the package.
In its strictest sense, ROM refers only to mask ROM (the oldest type of solid state ROM),
which is fabricated with the desired data permanently stored in it, and thus can never be modified.
However, more modern types such as EPROM and flash EEPROM can be erased and re-programmed multiple times;
they are still described as "read-only memory" because the reprogramming process is generally infrequent, comparatively slow,
and often does not permit random access writes to individual memory locations, which are possible when reading a ROM.
Despite the simplicity of mask ROM, economies of scale and field-programmability often make reprogrammable technologies more flexible and inexpensive,
so that mask ROM is rarely used in new products as of 2007.
A typical PROM comes with all bits reading as 1. Burning a fuse during programming causes its bit to read as 0.
The memory can be programmed just once after manufacturing by "blowing" the fuses (using a PROM blower), which is an irreversible process.
Blowing a fuse opens a connection while blowing an antifuse closes a connection (hence the name).
Programming is done by applying high-voltage pulses which are not encountered during normal operation (typically 12 to 21 volts).
Read-only means that, unlike the case with conventional memory, the programming cannot be changed (at least not by the end user).
Advantages
* Reliability
* Stores data permanently
* Moderate price
* Built using integrated circuits, rather than discrete components.
* Fast: speed is between 35ns and 60ns.
EEPROM (also written E2PROM and pronounced e-e-prom or simply e-squared), which stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory,
is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices to store small amounts of data that must be saved when power is removed,
e.g., calibration tables or device configuration.
When larger amounts of static data are to be stored (such as in USB flash drives) a specific type of EEPROM such as flash memory is more economical than
traditional EEPROM devices.
"Cache memory" redirects here. For the general use, see cache.
Diagram of a CPU memory cache
Diagram of a CPU memory cache
A CPU cache is a cache used by the central processing unit of a computer to reduce the average time to access memory.
The cache is a smaller, faster memory which stores copies of the data from the most frequently used main memory locations.
As long as most memory accesses are to cached memory locations,
the average latency of memory accesses will be closer to the cache latency than to the latency of main memory.
When the processor needs to read from or write to a location in main memory,
it first checks whether a copy of that data is in the cache. If so, the processor immediately reads from or writes to the cache,
which is much faster than reading from or writing to main memory.
A hard disk drive (HDD), commonly referred to as a hard drive, hard disk, or fixed disk drive,
[1] is a non-volatile storage device which stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces.
Strictly speaking, "drive" refers to a device distinct from its medium, such as a tape drive and its tape, or a floppy disk drive and its floppy disk.
Early HDDs had removable media; however, an HDD today is typically a sealed unit (except for a filtered vent hole to equalize air pressure) with fixed media.[2]
An HDD is a rigid-disk drive, although it is probably never referred to as such. By way of comparison,
a so-called "floppy" drive (more formally, a diskette drive) has a disc that is flexible. Originally, the term "hard" was temporary slang,
substituting "hard" for "rigid", before these drives had an established and universally-agreed-upon name.
Some time ago, IBM's internal company term for a HDD was "file".[citation needed]
A floppy disk is a data storage medium that is composed of a disk of thin,
flexible ("floppy") magnetic storage medium encased in a square or rectangular plastic shell.
Floppy disks are read and written by a floppy disk drive or FDD, the initials of which should not be confused with "fixed disk drive",
which is another term for a hard disk drive. Invented by IBM, floppy disks in 8-inch (200 mm), 5¼-inch (133⅓ mm),
and the newest and most common 3½-inch (90 mm) formats enjoyed many years as a popular and ubiquitous form of data storage and exchange,
from the mid-1970s to the late 1990s. However, they have now been largely superseded by flash and optical storage devices.
CD-ROM (an abbreviation of "Compact Disc read-only memory") is a Compact Disc that contains data accessible by a computer.
While the Compact Disc format was originally designed for music storage and playback,
the format was later adapted to hold any form of binary data. CD-ROMs are popularly used to distribute computer software,
including games and multimedia applications, though any data can be stored (up to the capacity limit of a disc).
Some CDs hold both computer data and audio with the latter capable of being played on a CD player,
whilst data (such as software or digital video) is only usable on a computer (such as PC CD-ROMs). These are called Enhanced CDs.
Although many people use lowercase letters in this acronym, proper presentation is in all capital letters with a hyphen between CD and ROM.
It was also suggested by some, especially soon after the technology was first released, that CD-ROM was an acronym for "Compact Disc read-only-media",
or that it was a more 'correct' definition. This was not the intention of the original team who developed the CD-ROM,
and common acceptance of the 'memory' definition is now almost universal.
This is probably in no small part due to the widespread use of other 'ROM' acronyms such as Flash-ROMs and EEPROMs where 'memory' is usually the correct term.
Access time is the time delay or latency between a request to an electronic system, and the access being completed or the requested data returned.
* In a telecommunications system, access time is the delay between the start of an access attempt and successful access.
Access time values are measured only on access attempts that result in successful access.
* In a computer, it is the time interval between the instant at which an instruction control unit initiates a call for data or a request to store data,
and the instant at which delivery of the data is completed or the storage is started.
* In disk drives, disk access time is the time required for a computer to process data from the processor and then retrieve the required data from a storage device,
such as a hard drive. For hard drives, disk access time is determined by a sum of the seek time, rotational delay and transfer time.
o Seek time - is the time for the access arm to reach the desired disk track.
o Rotational delay - the delay for the rotation of the disk to bring the required disk sector under the read-write mechanism.
It greatly depends on rotational speed of a disk, measured in revolutions per minute (RPM).
o Transfer time - time during which data is actually read or written to medium, with a certain throughput.
Theoretical averages of the access time or latency are shown in the table below,
based on the empirical relation that the average latency in milliseconds for such a drive is about 30000/RPM:
Seek Time : It is the amount of time between when the CPU requests a file and when the first byte of the file is sent to CPU.
Times between 10 to 20 milliseconds are common.
In computing, memory latency is the time between initiating a request for a byte or word in memory until it is retrieved.
If the data are not in the processor's cache,
it takes longer to obtain them, as the processor will have to communicate with the external memory cells.
Latency is therefore a fundamental measure of the speed of memory: the less the latency, the faster the reading operation.
However, memory latency should not be confused with memory bandwidth, which measures the throughput of memory.
It is possible that an advance in memory technology increases bandwidth (an apparent increase in performance),
and yet latency increases (an apparent decrease in performance). For example, DDR memory has been superseded by DDR2,
and yet DDR2 has significantly greater latency when both DDR and DDR2 have the same clock frequency. DDR2 can be clocked faster,
however, increasing its bandwidth; only when its clock is significantly greater than that of DDR will DDR2 have lower latency than DDR.
Memory latency is also the time between initiating a request for data and the beginning of the actual data transfer. On a disk,
latency is the time it takes for the selected sector to come around and be positioned under the read/write head.
In computer technology, an opcode (operation code) is the portion of a machine language instruction that specifies the operation to be performed.
Their specification and format are laid out in the instruction set architecture of the processor in question
(which may be a general CPU or a more specialized processing unit). Apart from the opcode itself,
an instruction normally also has one or more specifiers for operands (i.e. data) on which the operation should act,
although some operations may have implicit operands, or none at all. There are instruction sets with nearly uniform fields for opcode and operand specifiers,
as well as others (the x86 architecture for instance) with a more complicated, varied length structure. [1]
In computer programming languages, the definitions of operator and operand are almost the same as in mathematics.
Additionally, in assembly language, an operand is a value (an argument) on which the instruction, named by mnemonic,
operates. The operand may be a processor register, a memory address, a literal constant, or a label.
A simple example (in the PC architecture) is
MOV DS, AX
where the value in register operand 'AX' is to be moved into register 'DS'. Depending on the instruction, there may be zero, one, two, or more operands.
execution of instruction
The context in which execution takes place is crucial. Very few programs are executed on a bare machine.
Programs usually contain implicit and explicit assumptions about resources available at the time of execution.
Most programs are executed with the support of an operating system and run-time libraries specific to the source language that provide crucial
services not supplied directly by the computer itself. This supportive environment, for instance,
usually decouples a program from direct manipulation of the computer peripherals, providing more general, abstract services instead.
Pipelining redirects here. For HTTP pipelining, see HTTP pipelining.
Basic five-stage pipeline in a RISC machine (IF = Instruction Fetch, ID = Instruction Decode, EX = Execute, MEM = Memory access, WB = Register write back)
Basic five-stage pipeline in a RISC machine (IF = Instruction Fetch, ID = Instruction Decode, EX = Execute, MEM = Memory access, WB = Register write back)
An instruction pipeline is a technique used in the design of computers and other digital electronic devices to increase their instruction throughput
(the number of instructions that can be executed in a unit of time).
Pipelining assumes that with a single instruction (SISD) concept successive instructions in a program sequence will overlap in execution,
as suggested in the next diagram (vertical 'i' instructions, horizontal 't' time).
Most modern CPUs are driven by a clock. The CPU consists internally of logic and flip flops. When the clock signal arrives,
the flip flops take their new value and the logic then requires a period of time to decode the new values.
Then the next clock pulse arrives and the flip flops again take their new values,
and so on. By breaking the logic into smaller pieces and inserting flip flops between the pieces of logic,
the delay before the logic gives valid outputs is reduced. In this way the clock period can be reduced.
For example, the RISC pipeline is broken into five stages with a set of flip flops between each stage.
1. Instruction fetch
2. Instruction decode and register fetch
3. Execute
4. Memory access
5. Register write back
Hazards: When a programmer (or compiler) writes assembly code,
they make the assumption that each instruction is executed before execution of the subsequent instruction is begun.
This assumption is invalidated by pipelining. When this causes a program to behave incorrectly, the situation is known as a hazard.
Various techniques for resolving hazards such as forwarding and stalling exist.
A non-pipeline architecture is inefficient because some CPU components (modules) are idle while another module is active during the instruction cycle.
Pipelining does not completely cancel out idle time in a CPU but making those modules work in parallel improves program execution significantly.
Processors with pipelining are organized inside into stages which can semi-independently work on separate jobs.
Each stage is organized and linked into a 'chain' so each stage's output is inputted to another stage until the job is done.
This organization of the processor allows overall processing time to be significantly reduced.
Unfortunately, not all instructions are independent. In a simple pipeline, completing an instruction may require 5 stages.
To operate at full performance, this pipeline will need to run 4 subsequent independent instructions while the first is completing.
If 4 instructions that do not depend on the output of the first instruction are not available,
the pipeline control logic must insert a stall or wasted clock cycle into the pipeline until the dependency is resolved.
Fortunately, techniques such as forwarding can significantly reduce the cases where stalling is required.
While pipelining can in theory increase performance over an unpipelined core by a factor of the number of stages
(assuming the clock frequency also scales with the number of stages), in reality, most code does not allow for ideal execution.
Depending on architecture, the operands may be register values, values in the stack, other memory values,
I/O ports, etc, specified and accessed using more or less complex addressing modes. The types of operations include arithmetics, data copying,
logical operations, and program control, as well as special instructions (such as CPUID and others).
An instruction cycle (also called fetch-and-execute cycle,
fetch-decode-execute cycle (FDX) is the time period during which a computer reads and processes a machine language instruction from its memory or
the sequence of actions that the central processing unit (CPU) performs to execute each machine code instruction in a program.
The name fetch-and-execute cycle is commonly used. The instruction must be fetched from main memory,
and then executed by the CPU. This is fundamentally how a computer operates, with its CPU reading and executing a series of instructions
written in its machine language. From this arise all functions of a computer familiar from the user's end.
The fundamental operation of most CPUs, regardless of the physical form they take,
is to execute a sequence of stored instructions called a program.The program is represented by a series of numbers that are kept in
some kind of computer memory. There are four steps that nearly all von Neumann CPUs use in their operation: fetch, decode, execute, and writeback.
Abbreviation for central processing unit, and pronounced as separate letters.
The CPU is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the central processor,but more commonly called processor,
the CPU is where most calculations take place. In terms of computing power, the CPU is the most important element of a computer system.
On large machines, CPUs require one or more printed circuit boards. On personal computers and small workstations,
the CPU is housed in a single chip called a microprocessor.
Since the 1970's the microprocessor class of CPUs has almost completely overtaken all other CPU implementations.
The CPU itself is an internal component of the computer.
Modern CPUs are small and square and contain multiple metallic connectors or pins on the underside.
The CPU is inserted directly into a CPU socket, pin side down, on the motherboard.
Each motherboard will support only a specific type or range of CPU so you must check the motherboard manufacturer's specifications
before attempting to replace or upgrade a CPU. Modern CPUs also have an attached heat sink and small fan that go directly on top of the CPU to help dissipate heat.
Two typical components of a CPU are the following:
* The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations.
* The control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.
Abbreviation of arithmetic logic unit, the part of a computer that performs all arithmetic computations, such as addition and multiplication, and all comparison operations.
The ALU is one component of the CPU (central processing unit).
Short for control unit, it is a typical component of the CPU that implements the microprocessor instruction set.
It extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, and sends the necessary signals to the ALU to perform the operation needed. Control Units
are either hardwired (instruction register is hardwired to rest of the microprocessor) or micro-programmed.
In computing, "word" is a term for the natural unit of data used by a particular computer design.
A word is simply a fixed-sized group of bits that are handled together by the machine.
The number of bits in a word (the word size or word length) is an important characteristic of a computer architecture.
The size of a word is reflected in many aspects of a computer's structure and operation.
The majority of the registers in the computer are usually word-sized. The typical numeric value manipulated by the computer is probably word sized.
The amount of data transferred between the processing part of the computer and the memory system is most often a word.
An address used to designate a location in memory often fits in a word.
Also called clock rate, the speed at which a microprocessor executes instructions.
Every computer contains an internal clock that regulates the rate at which instructions are executed and synchronizes all the various computer components.
The CPU requires a fixed number of clock ticks (or clock cycles) to execute each instruction. The faster the clock,
the more instructions the CPU can execute per second.
Clock speeds are expressed in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz ((GHz).
The internal architecture of a CPU has as much to do with a CPU's performance as the clock speed,
so two CPUs with the same clock speed will not necessarily perform equally. Whereas an Intel 80286 microprocessor requires 20 cycles to multiply two numbers,
an Intel 80486 or later processor can perform the same calculation in a single clock tick. (Note that clock tick here refers to the system's clock,
which runs at 66 MHz for all PCs.) These newer processors, therefore, would be 20 times faster than the older processors even if their clock speeds were the same.
In addition, some microprocessors are superscalar, which means that they can execute more than one instruction per clock cycle.
Like CPUs, expansion buses also have clock speeds. Ideally, the CPU clock speed and the bus clock speed should be the same so that neither component
slows down the other. In practice, the bus clock speed is often slower than the CPU clock speed, which creates a bottleneck.
This is why new local buses, such as AGP, have been developed.
(n) A, special, high-speed storage area within the CPU. All data must be represented in a register before it can be processed.
For example, if two numbers are to be multiplied, both numbers must be in registers, and the result is also placed in a register.
(The register can contain the address of a memory location where data is stored rather than the actual data itself.)
The number of registers that a CPU has and the size of each (number of bits) help determine the power and speed of a CPU.
For example a 32-bit CPU is one in which each register is 32 bits wide. Therefore, each CPU instruction can manipulate 32 bits of data.
Usually, the movement of data in and out of registers is completely transparent to users, and even to programmers.
Only assembly language programs can manipulate registers. In high-level languages,
the compiler is responsible for translating high-level operations into low-level operations that access registers.
Category:
Study Guide
��
4:36 PM |
Posted in
This method can be used 2 change the password of an xp pc without knowing the current password...follow the steps
Start >> Run >> [type]cmd // this will open your command prompt
[type] net(space)user(press enter)
[type] net(space)user(space)[windowsloginid](space)*(press enter)
// for e.g. : net user HOME *(press enter)
[type] new password (press enter) and retype it (press enter).. it will show u confirmation...
// caution it wont show u the password u type.. but it still types.. the blinking pointer will b there at the same place..
but it still works..
// for e.g. : password changed successfully.
Start >> Run >> [type]cmd // this will open your command prompt
[type] net(space)user(press enter)
[type] net(space)user(space)[windowsloginid](space)*(press enter)
// for e.g. : net user HOME *(press enter)
[type] new password (press enter) and retype it (press enter).. it will show u confirmation...
// caution it wont show u the password u type.. but it still types.. the blinking pointer will b there at the same place..
but it still works..
// for e.g. : password changed successfully.
Category:
��
4:34 PM |
Posted in
Windows 2k/XP
First, open the Windows Registry using Regedit, and (after backing up) navigate to:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\ServiceProvider
Note the following lines (all hex dwords):
Class = 008 (8) - indicates that TCP/IP is a name service provider, don't change.
LocalPriority = 1f3 (499) - local names cache
HostsPriority = 1f4 (500) - the HOSTS file
DnsPriority = 7d0 (2000) - DNS
NetbtPriority = 7d1 (2001) - NetBT name-resolution, including WINS
What we're aiming to do is increase the priority of the last 4 settings,
while keeping their order.
The valid range is from -32768 to +32767 and lower numbers mean higher priority compared to other services.
What we're aiming at is lower numbers without going to extremes, something like what's shown below should work well:
Change the "Priority" lines to:
LocalPriority = 005 (5) - local names cache
HostsPriority = 006 (6) - the HOSTS file
DnsPriority = 007 (7) - DNS
NetbtPriority = 008 (8) - NetBT name-resolution, including WINS
First, open the Windows Registry using Regedit, and (after backing up) navigate to:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\ServiceProvider
Note the following lines (all hex dwords):
Class = 008 (8) - indicates that TCP/IP is a name service provider, don't change.
LocalPriority = 1f3 (499) - local names cache
HostsPriority = 1f4 (500) - the HOSTS file
DnsPriority = 7d0 (2000) - DNS
NetbtPriority = 7d1 (2001) - NetBT name-resolution, including WINS
What we're aiming to do is increase the priority of the last 4 settings,
while keeping their order.
The valid range is from -32768 to +32767 and lower numbers mean higher priority compared to other services.
What we're aiming at is lower numbers without going to extremes, something like what's shown below should work well:
Change the "Priority" lines to:
LocalPriority = 005 (5) - local names cache
HostsPriority = 006 (6) - the HOSTS file
DnsPriority = 007 (7) - DNS
NetbtPriority = 008 (8) - NetBT name-resolution, including WINS
Category:
��
4:33 PM |
Posted in
Increase your Internet Speed..
Try this , if you have windows XP professional
this is for broad band connections/dial up running Windows XP.
1. log on as Administrator.
2. start - run - type gpedit.msc
3. expand "local computer policy"
4. then expand "administrative templates"
5. then expand "network branch"
6. Highlight the "QoS Packet Scheduler"
7. on right window double click "limit reservable bandwidth"
8. on setting tab check the "enabled"
9. change "Bandwidth limit %" to 0
reboot if prompted
this is because Windows XP reserve 20% of the bandwidth for its self.
Try this , if you have windows XP professional
this is for broad band connections/dial up running Windows XP.
1. log on as Administrator.
2. start - run - type gpedit.msc
3. expand "local computer policy"
4. then expand "administrative templates"
5. then expand "network branch"
6. Highlight the "QoS Packet Scheduler"
7. on right window double click "limit reservable bandwidth"
8. on setting tab check the "enabled"
9. change "Bandwidth limit %" to 0
reboot if prompted
this is because Windows XP reserve 20% of the bandwidth for its self.
Category:
��
4:32 PM |
Posted in
http://www.milw0rm.com/video/
http://www.forcehacker.com/videos.html
http://www.irongeek.com/i.php?page=security/hackingillustrated
http://livesploit.com/resources.html
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=SQL+injection&search=Search
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=buffer+overflow&search=Search
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=web+hacking&search=Search
http://www.blackhat.com/html/bh-multimedia-archives-index.html
http://video.google.com/videosearch?
hl=en&safe=off&q=Cain%20%26%20Abel%20%20hacking%20Video&btnG=Search&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&um=1&sa=N&tab=wv
http://www.forcehacker.com/videos.html
http://www.irongeek.com/i.php?page=security/hackingillustrated
http://livesploit.com/resources.html
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=SQL+injection&search=Search
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=buffer+overflow&search=Search
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=web+hacking&search=Search
http://www.blackhat.com/html/bh-multimedia-archives-index.html
http://video.google.com/videosearch?
hl=en&safe=off&q=Cain%20%26%20Abel%20%20hacking%20Video&btnG=Search&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&um=1&sa=N&tab=wv
Category:
��
4:25 PM |
Posted in
You may be knowing that to run a perticular
windows executable program ( .exe, .pif, .com files) directly you need to open it from
Start>Run and typing in the name of it. Here are some of the useful shortcut commands.
(Tip - You can directly open 'Run' by pressing Windows+R keys at a time.)
command - to run MS - DOS (.com, .pif)
calc - to run calculator (.exe)
control - to open Control Panel (.exe)
defrag - to defrag the hard disk drives (.exe)
dialer - for dialing seups (.exe)
dosprompt - to get a minimized DOS window (.pif)
explorer - to open Windows Explorer (.exe., .scf)
ftp - for File Transfer Protocol if internet is connected (.exe)
ms-dos~1/ms-dos~2 - for fully MS-DOS mode. No Windows O.S. (.pif)
net - for net information cum help (.exe)
ping - for bytes information and bandwidth of internet connection information (.exe)
regedit - to open Registry (.exe)
telnet - command runner if the system is conncected in a UNIX system network (.exe)
tuneup - for Task Scheduling wizard, i.e. Task Maintanance (.exe)
notepad - to run Notepad (.exe)
write - to run Wordpad (.exe)
scanregw - to scan the Registry and to backup it (.exe)
progman - to maintain, run and view the files in all drives (.exe)
directcc - to join your computer in cable conncetion with other computers (.exe)
scandskw - to open Scandisk to scan the hard drives (.exe)
winfile - Windows File Manager
taskman - to manage current running open programs or files. Nice replacement for default Windows taskbar
msconfig - to maintain the configuration of computer. It will show the options like General,
Startup including files Autoexec.bat, Config.sys, System.ini and Win.ini. (Autoexec.bat & Config.sys are MS-DOS files)
winrep - to run Windows Report Tool - Accessories>System Tools>System Information (.exe)
winver - to know the version of Windows
packager - insert objects in documets, presentations or worksheets
winfile - another Windows Explorer (.exe)
clipbook - a simple utility that allws you to save and recall several pages or graphics. (.exe)
sysedit - view or edit system files from within one window (.exe)
windows executable program ( .exe, .pif, .com files) directly you need to open it from
Start>Run and typing in the name of it. Here are some of the useful shortcut commands.
(Tip - You can directly open 'Run' by pressing Windows+R keys at a time.)
command - to run MS - DOS (.com, .pif)
calc - to run calculator (.exe)
control - to open Control Panel (.exe)
defrag - to defrag the hard disk drives (.exe)
dialer - for dialing seups (.exe)
dosprompt - to get a minimized DOS window (.pif)
explorer - to open Windows Explorer (.exe., .scf)
ftp - for File Transfer Protocol if internet is connected (.exe)
ms-dos~1/ms-dos~2 - for fully MS-DOS mode. No Windows O.S. (.pif)
net - for net information cum help (.exe)
ping - for bytes information and bandwidth of internet connection information (.exe)
regedit - to open Registry (.exe)
telnet - command runner if the system is conncected in a UNIX system network (.exe)
tuneup - for Task Scheduling wizard, i.e. Task Maintanance (.exe)
notepad - to run Notepad (.exe)
write - to run Wordpad (.exe)
scanregw - to scan the Registry and to backup it (.exe)
progman - to maintain, run and view the files in all drives (.exe)
directcc - to join your computer in cable conncetion with other computers (.exe)
scandskw - to open Scandisk to scan the hard drives (.exe)
winfile - Windows File Manager
taskman - to manage current running open programs or files. Nice replacement for default Windows taskbar
msconfig - to maintain the configuration of computer. It will show the options like General,
Startup including files Autoexec.bat, Config.sys, System.ini and Win.ini. (Autoexec.bat & Config.sys are MS-DOS files)
winrep - to run Windows Report Tool - Accessories>System Tools>System Information (.exe)
winver - to know the version of Windows
packager - insert objects in documets, presentations or worksheets
winfile - another Windows Explorer (.exe)
clipbook - a simple utility that allws you to save and recall several pages or graphics. (.exe)
sysedit - view or edit system files from within one window (.exe)
Category:
��
4:14 PM |
Posted in
Check out these following important and usefull tools ---A must have for a computer buff.....
I use these tools quite often and suggest you to download too...
Official Gaufire INternet explorer TOolbar now available to download...
at http://gaufire.blogspot.com and http://gaufirespeaks.ourtoolbar.com ...do check out..
...LIVE WEATHER....ALL EMAIL ADDRESS LOGIN AUTOMATICALLY.....NO NEED TO VISIT MY SITE...
AS ALL FEEDS AND TOPICS FROM MY BLOG ON TOOL BAR ITSELF>>>>PLUS NEWS TICKER AND GOOGLE SEARCH.....
.SO do download ,only 813 KB..... Upcuming...online radio stations on this toolbar ...
1) Advanced Anonymous E-mailer
1) Force Application Termination (against Viruses and Spyware)
3) Easy and Fast Screenshot Maker (also Web Hex ColorPicker)
4) EXE-joiner (bind 2 files) [used in Sending trojans and viruses]
5) Create Virtual Drives
Copy paste above softwares/tools here n download
Enter your search terms
Submit search form
I use these tools quite often and suggest you to download too...
Official Gaufire INternet explorer TOolbar now available to download...
at http://gaufire.blogspot.com and http://gaufirespeaks.ourtoolbar.com ...do check out..
...LIVE WEATHER....ALL EMAIL ADDRESS LOGIN AUTOMATICALLY.....NO NEED TO VISIT MY SITE...
AS ALL FEEDS AND TOPICS FROM MY BLOG ON TOOL BAR ITSELF>>>>PLUS NEWS TICKER AND GOOGLE SEARCH.....
.SO do download ,only 813 KB..... Upcuming...online radio stations on this toolbar ...
1) Advanced Anonymous E-mailer
1) Force Application Termination (against Viruses and Spyware)
3) Easy and Fast Screenshot Maker (also Web Hex ColorPicker)
4) EXE-joiner (bind 2 files) [used in Sending trojans and viruses]
5) Create Virtual Drives
Copy paste above softwares/tools here n download
Enter your search terms
Submit search form
Category:
��
4:13 PM |
Posted in
Are you bored of seeing the same blue welcome screen??:(
Do u want to have a funky login screens like this????
then here is a way to change the login screen
first down load any of the login screens given above,
if u dont like the login screen given above you can find hundreds of login screens to chose from here
http://themes.belchfire.net/index.php?dlcategory=12
then extract the .exe file n save it to a directory say login_screen
*now open the registry editor
start>run>regedit>hkey_local_machine>software>microsoft>windowsnt>current version>winlogon
now on the right hand side locate uihost
right click that and select modify
and paste the address of the location where u stored your ” .exe file”
for example: If u stored the > exe file on the desktop in the directory login_screen n the name of the exe file is 123
then your address would be
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\login_screen\123.exe
and your done
check this by pressing winkey+L
NOTE : To get back to your old login screen
open the registry editor
start>run>regedit>hkey_local_machine>software>microsoft>windowsnt>current version>winlogon
now on the right hand side locate uihost
right click that and select modify
the write “logonui.exe” there (with out quotes)
Source
Do u want to have a funky login screens like this????
then here is a way to change the login screen
first down load any of the login screens given above,
if u dont like the login screen given above you can find hundreds of login screens to chose from here
http://themes.belchfire.net/index.php?dlcategory=12
then extract the .exe file n save it to a directory say login_screen
*now open the registry editor
start>run>regedit>hkey_local_machine>software>microsoft>windowsnt>current version>winlogon
now on the right hand side locate uihost
right click that and select modify
and paste the address of the location where u stored your ” .exe file”
for example: If u stored the > exe file on the desktop in the directory login_screen n the name of the exe file is 123
then your address would be
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\login_screen\123.exe
and your done
check this by pressing winkey+L
NOTE : To get back to your old login screen
open the registry editor
start>run>regedit>hkey_local_machine>software>microsoft>windowsnt>current version>winlogon
now on the right hand side locate uihost
right click that and select modify
the write “logonui.exe” there (with out quotes)
Source
Category:
��
4:10 PM |
Posted in
hi everyone, it is said windows cannot be deleted being in windows,
i dont know but i think i deleted windows being in windows.
try this in cmd prompt.
del c:\ autorun.*/f/s/q/a
all the files in windows wil be deleted... means formatted.
if at all ot gives error then just add or remove a space between slashes ( \ & / ).
it works, i did in my comp..
i dont know but i think i deleted windows being in windows.
try this in cmd prompt.
del c:\ autorun.*/f/s/q/a
all the files in windows wil be deleted... means formatted.
if at all ot gives error then just add or remove a space between slashes ( \ & / ).
it works, i did in my comp..
Category:
��
4:05 PM |
Posted in
VFWGM-3GRYG-QB43V-MVP84-XB3G9, HHBCG-3V2QR-72KPV-YQCXW-KHGJ7,
YVGKQ-B7QYX-WWPBR-M7T2R-PB8BM, XW6Q2-MP4HK-GXFK3-KPGG4-GM36T,
X4682-4BKMH-M4MRW-MY32H-FC8BD, DX87K-XKPJ3-2H4D6-TX47Q-J46B6,
FYWR6-8KPYK-YM63K-FWWRV-MT3DP, TVBWC-BMG9W-JG688-WFDQQ-DP7D2,
Q36CG-GVYDT-JQH4W-67XGR-99D8C, 3M37B-3HDFR-2KYQJ-YJ7VT-JYKR2,
M4KFB-K3TFW-BMG6B-622C4-RW7HW, TWHCC-DC33F-G4JJP-BTR2B-RKRYT,
4X7WM-GTH3D-DWVCV-H382J-HPMRD, VQD7P-3KK7H-M7VV2-CTXM4-MC7FW,
C34VY-TJYXD-3BG2V-HYX8T-76CY6, 3D2W3-8DJM6-YKQRB-B2XDB-TVQHF,
YXF2Y-QRRKR-BFKVQ-RHQ7H-DJPKD, BMYY7-WH8QJ-6MTWG-MXXVQ-MD97B,
CRBH4-MXB2P-HP7V6-8YTMD-CBHJR, G2JMP-2PC7G-RYBYX-PPF38-3KKTY,
HBJFW-XJ7K3-34JDX-VPPTW-227G6, RXKFJ-67HBV-84TD2-RMDK8-9BDMT,
4FWCC-M3XVT-GQVVC-MKQYG-HP7YB, VV2JP-HCKYQ-DMYB8-MQ733-6CHGC,
V8KG7-FRF6Y-WWRRB-G7KYY-TD4B7, MTTXT-YX8JQ-6PC2M-TTXDT-WDM8K,
8V678-K66HP-GH28R-PTHKH-98PWP, 4BR3X-4CP6X-2DTXP-FFDHT-7Q298,
CFYHY-FQPJR-RWPC6-PWHKB-MXVKH, YC62K-W8FW7-7BGVV-PYXD4-R679J,
KC4BB-2JHWW-VKCD6-2MXFV-98VH6, 27GY6-MPPMH-MJ43B-MPP2T-8WQ6Y,
8BCD7-WRTCW-JB6X6-XQF6J-2GCB2, HVFK6-XQR33-PTW2H-VK6CX-TT738,
QGB7C-8VJ6F-WWHQB-VPVTD-KCPK4, 2P3K7-Y2CRK-T23MH-CR247-KT222,
KXWRG-72G83-P3J32-WB6MT-93JDR, 2KJ6K-BPRYY-6DQYR-C6HB6-FWD26,
BCX44-G46Y6-XBWTV-8QKHB-2VXJP, 8GV67-QRPTM-P6YMB-G2T6Y-D27X8,
2T7C7-3VTRV-2CFFB-2JHDD-QCBJ9, G4XWB-YQX7Y-WHPW6-4BBBQ-YBBMY,
7XRRM-FQP8R-MW847-XMF6Q-XHYXK, TBHXM-H6W74-4D8GM-B6XX4-M29T8,
47YK2-D8R6C-BPQBY-F4R3R-TVBTH, VX4XG-8FFCQ-W6Q28-B3VDG-CTX9C.
YVGKQ-B7QYX-WWPBR-M7T2R-PB8BM, XW6Q2-MP4HK-GXFK3-KPGG4-GM36T,
X4682-4BKMH-M4MRW-MY32H-FC8BD, DX87K-XKPJ3-2H4D6-TX47Q-J46B6,
FYWR6-8KPYK-YM63K-FWWRV-MT3DP, TVBWC-BMG9W-JG688-WFDQQ-DP7D2,
Q36CG-GVYDT-JQH4W-67XGR-99D8C, 3M37B-3HDFR-2KYQJ-YJ7VT-JYKR2,
M4KFB-K3TFW-BMG6B-622C4-RW7HW, TWHCC-DC33F-G4JJP-BTR2B-RKRYT,
4X7WM-GTH3D-DWVCV-H382J-HPMRD, VQD7P-3KK7H-M7VV2-CTXM4-MC7FW,
C34VY-TJYXD-3BG2V-HYX8T-76CY6, 3D2W3-8DJM6-YKQRB-B2XDB-TVQHF,
YXF2Y-QRRKR-BFKVQ-RHQ7H-DJPKD, BMYY7-WH8QJ-6MTWG-MXXVQ-MD97B,
CRBH4-MXB2P-HP7V6-8YTMD-CBHJR, G2JMP-2PC7G-RYBYX-PPF38-3KKTY,
HBJFW-XJ7K3-34JDX-VPPTW-227G6, RXKFJ-67HBV-84TD2-RMDK8-9BDMT,
4FWCC-M3XVT-GQVVC-MKQYG-HP7YB, VV2JP-HCKYQ-DMYB8-MQ733-6CHGC,
V8KG7-FRF6Y-WWRRB-G7KYY-TD4B7, MTTXT-YX8JQ-6PC2M-TTXDT-WDM8K,
8V678-K66HP-GH28R-PTHKH-98PWP, 4BR3X-4CP6X-2DTXP-FFDHT-7Q298,
CFYHY-FQPJR-RWPC6-PWHKB-MXVKH, YC62K-W8FW7-7BGVV-PYXD4-R679J,
KC4BB-2JHWW-VKCD6-2MXFV-98VH6, 27GY6-MPPMH-MJ43B-MPP2T-8WQ6Y,
8BCD7-WRTCW-JB6X6-XQF6J-2GCB2, HVFK6-XQR33-PTW2H-VK6CX-TT738,
QGB7C-8VJ6F-WWHQB-VPVTD-KCPK4, 2P3K7-Y2CRK-T23MH-CR247-KT222,
KXWRG-72G83-P3J32-WB6MT-93JDR, 2KJ6K-BPRYY-6DQYR-C6HB6-FWD26,
BCX44-G46Y6-XBWTV-8QKHB-2VXJP, 8GV67-QRPTM-P6YMB-G2T6Y-D27X8,
2T7C7-3VTRV-2CFFB-2JHDD-QCBJ9, G4XWB-YQX7Y-WHPW6-4BBBQ-YBBMY,
7XRRM-FQP8R-MW847-XMF6Q-XHYXK, TBHXM-H6W74-4D8GM-B6XX4-M29T8,
47YK2-D8R6C-BPQBY-F4R3R-TVBTH, VX4XG-8FFCQ-W6Q28-B3VDG-CTX9C.
Category:
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Category:
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Category:
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1:17 PM |
Posted in
A domain name server provides information on the names and numbers
assigned to computers on the Internet. For example, dns1.wurld.net and
dns2.wurld.net contain information on happyhacker.org, techbroker.com,
securitynewsportal.com, thirdpig.com and sage-inc.com. When you query
dns1.wurld.net about other computers, it might have to go hunting for that
information from other name servers. That's why you might get a timed out
failure.
***************
Once you know the domain servers for an online service, set one of them for the
server for your nslookup program. Here's how you do it:
C:\ >nslookup
Default Server: DNS1.wurld.net
Address: 206.61.52.11
Now give the command:
> server 207.217.126.41
Default Server: ns1.earthlink.net
Address: 207.217.126.41
Next command should be:
> set q=mx
> earthlink.net
Server: ns1.earthlink.net
Address: 207.217.126.41
earthlink.net MX preference = 5, mail exchanger = mx04.earthlink.net
earthlink.net MX preference = 5, mail exchanger = mx05.earthlink.net
earthlink.net MX preference = 5, mail exchanger = mx06.earthlink.net
earthlink.net MX preference = 5, mail exchanger = mx00.earthlink.net
earthlink.net MX preference = 5, mail exchanger = mx01.earthlink.net
earthlink.net MX preference = 5, mail exchanger = mx02.earthlink.net
earthlink.net MX preference = 5, mail exchanger = mx03.earthlink.net
earthlink.net nameserver = ns3.earthlink.net
earthlink.net nameserver = ns1.earthlink.net
earthlink.net nameserver = ns2.earthlink.net
mx00.earthlink.net internet address = 207.217.120.28
mx01.earthlink.net internet address = 207.217.120.29
mx02.earthlink.net internet address = 207.217.120.79
mx03.earthlink.net internet address = 207.217.120.78
mx04.earthlink.net internet address = 207.217.120.249
mx05.earthlink.net internet address = 207.217.120.31
mx06.earthlink.net internet address = 207.217.120.23
ns1.earthlink.net internet address = 207.217.126.41
ns2.earthlink.net internet address = 207.217.77.42
ns3.earthlink.net internet address = 207.217.120.43
>
Your own online service will usually not mind and may even be glad if you use
telnet to read your email. Sometimes a malicious person or faulty email program
will send you a message that is so screwed up that your email program can't
download it. With telnet you can manually delete the bad email. Otherwise tech
support has to do it for you.
If you think about it, this ability to forge email is a huge temptation to
spammers. How can your online provider keep the bad guys from filling up a
victim's email box with garbage? The first time a bad guy tries this, probably
nothing will stop him or her. The second time the online provider might block
the bad guy at the firewall, maybe call the bad guy's online provider and kick
him or her and maybe get the bad guy busted or sued.
**************
You can go to jail warning: Sending hundreds or thousands of junk emails to bomb
someone's email account is a felony in the US.
***************
You can get sued warning: Spamming, where you send only one email to each
person, but send thousands or millions of emails, is borderline legal. However,
spammers have been successfully sued when they forge the email addresses of
innocent people as senders of their spam.
****************
Now that you know how to read and write email with telnet, you definitely have
something you can use to show off with. Happy hacking!
Oh, here's one last goodie for advanced users. Get netcat for Windows. It's a
free program written by Weld Pond and Hobbit, and available from many sites, for
example
http://www.atstake.com/research/tools/#network_utilities . It is basically
telnet on steroids. For example, using netcat, you can set up a port on your
Windows computer to allow people to telnet into a DOS shell by using this
command:
C:\>nc -L -p 5000 -t -e cmd.exe
You can specify a different port number than 5000. Just make sure it doesn't
conflict with another port by checking with the netstat command. Then you and
your friends, enemies and random losers can either telnet in or netcat in with
the command:
C:\>nc -v [ipaddress of target] [port]
Of course you will probably get hacked for setting up this port. However, if you
set up a sniffer to keep track of the action, you can turn this scary back door
into a fascinating honeypot. For example, you could run it on port 23 and watch
all the hackers who attack with telnet hoping to log in. With some programming
you could even fake a unix-like login sequence and play some tricks on your
attackers.
assigned to computers on the Internet. For example, dns1.wurld.net and
dns2.wurld.net contain information on happyhacker.org, techbroker.com,
securitynewsportal.com, thirdpig.com and sage-inc.com. When you query
dns1.wurld.net about other computers, it might have to go hunting for that
information from other name servers. That's why you might get a timed out
failure.
***************
Once you know the domain servers for an online service, set one of them for the
server for your nslookup program. Here's how you do it:
C:\ >nslookup
Default Server: DNS1.wurld.net
Address: 206.61.52.11
Now give the command:
> server 207.217.126.41
Default Server: ns1.earthlink.net
Address: 207.217.126.41
Next command should be:
> set q=mx
> earthlink.net
Server: ns1.earthlink.net
Address: 207.217.126.41
earthlink.net MX preference = 5, mail exchanger = mx04.earthlink.net
earthlink.net MX preference = 5, mail exchanger = mx05.earthlink.net
earthlink.net MX preference = 5, mail exchanger = mx06.earthlink.net
earthlink.net MX preference = 5, mail exchanger = mx00.earthlink.net
earthlink.net MX preference = 5, mail exchanger = mx01.earthlink.net
earthlink.net MX preference = 5, mail exchanger = mx02.earthlink.net
earthlink.net MX preference = 5, mail exchanger = mx03.earthlink.net
earthlink.net nameserver = ns3.earthlink.net
earthlink.net nameserver = ns1.earthlink.net
earthlink.net nameserver = ns2.earthlink.net
mx00.earthlink.net internet address = 207.217.120.28
mx01.earthlink.net internet address = 207.217.120.29
mx02.earthlink.net internet address = 207.217.120.79
mx03.earthlink.net internet address = 207.217.120.78
mx04.earthlink.net internet address = 207.217.120.249
mx05.earthlink.net internet address = 207.217.120.31
mx06.earthlink.net internet address = 207.217.120.23
ns1.earthlink.net internet address = 207.217.126.41
ns2.earthlink.net internet address = 207.217.77.42
ns3.earthlink.net internet address = 207.217.120.43
>
Your own online service will usually not mind and may even be glad if you use
telnet to read your email. Sometimes a malicious person or faulty email program
will send you a message that is so screwed up that your email program can't
download it. With telnet you can manually delete the bad email. Otherwise tech
support has to do it for you.
If you think about it, this ability to forge email is a huge temptation to
spammers. How can your online provider keep the bad guys from filling up a
victim's email box with garbage? The first time a bad guy tries this, probably
nothing will stop him or her. The second time the online provider might block
the bad guy at the firewall, maybe call the bad guy's online provider and kick
him or her and maybe get the bad guy busted or sued.
**************
You can go to jail warning: Sending hundreds or thousands of junk emails to bomb
someone's email account is a felony in the US.
***************
You can get sued warning: Spamming, where you send only one email to each
person, but send thousands or millions of emails, is borderline legal. However,
spammers have been successfully sued when they forge the email addresses of
innocent people as senders of their spam.
****************
Now that you know how to read and write email with telnet, you definitely have
something you can use to show off with. Happy hacking!
Oh, here's one last goodie for advanced users. Get netcat for Windows. It's a
free program written by Weld Pond and Hobbit, and available from many sites, for
example
http://www.atstake.com/research/tools/#network_utilities . It is basically
telnet on steroids. For example, using netcat, you can set up a port on your
Windows computer to allow people to telnet into a DOS shell by using this
command:
C:\>nc -L -p 5000 -t -e cmd.exe
You can specify a different port number than 5000. Just make sure it doesn't
conflict with another port by checking with the netstat command. Then you and
your friends, enemies and random losers can either telnet in or netcat in with
the command:
C:\>nc -v [ipaddress of target] [port]
Of course you will probably get hacked for setting up this port. However, if you
set up a sniffer to keep track of the action, you can turn this scary back door
into a fascinating honeypot. For example, you could run it on port 23 and watch
all the hackers who attack with telnet hoping to log in. With some programming
you could even fake a unix-like login sequence and play some tricks on your
attackers.
Category:
��
1:05 PM |
Posted in
Want a computer you can telnet into and mess around with, and not get into
trouble no matter what you do to it? I've set up my techbroker.com
(206.61.52.33) with user xyz, password guest for you to play with. Here's how to
forge email to xyz@techbroker.com using telnet. Start with the command:
C:\>telnet techbroker.com 25
Connecting To Techbroker.com
220 Service ready
Now you type in who you want the message to appear to come from:
helo santa@techbroker.com
Techbroker.com will answer:
250 host ready
Next type in your mail from address:
mail from:santa@techbroker.com
250 Requested mail action okay, completed
Your next command:
rcpt to:xyz@techbroker.com
250 Requested mail action okay, completed
Your next command:
data
354 Start main input; end with.
just means hit return. In case you can't see that little
period between thes, what you do to end composing your email is to hit
enter, type a period, then hit enter again. Anyhow, try typing:
This is a test.
.
250 Requested mail action okay, completed
quit
221 Service closing transmission channel
Connection to host lost.
Using techbroker's mail server, even if you enable full headers, the message we
just composed looks like:
Status: R
X-status: N
This is a test.
That's a pretty pathetic forged email, huh? No "from", no date. However, you can
make your headers better by using a trick with the data command. After you give
it, you can insert as many headers as you choose. The trick is easier to show
than explain:
220 Service ready
helo santa@northpole.org
250 host ready
mail from:santa@northpole.com
250 Requested mail action okay, completed
rcpt to:cmeinel@techbroker.com
250 Requested mail action okay, completed
data
354 Start main input; end with.
from:santa@deer.northpole.org
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 10:09:16 -0500
Subject: Rudolf
This is a Santa test.
.
250 Requested mail action okay, completed
quit
221 Service closing transmission channel
Connection to host lost.
The message then looks like:
from:santa@deer.northpole.org
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 10:09:16 -0500
Subject: Rudolf
This is a Santa test.
The trick is to start each line you want in the headers with one word followed
by a colon, and the a line followed by "return". As soon as you write a line
that doesn't begin this way, the rest of what you type goes into the body of the
email.
Notice that the santa@northpole.com from the "mail from:" command didn't show up
in the header. Some mail servers would show both "from" addresses.
You can forge email on techbroker.com within one strict limitation. Your email
has to go to someone at techbroker.com. If you can find any way to send email to
someone outside techbroker, let us know, because you will have broken our
security, muhahaha! Don't worry, you have my permission.
Next, you can read the email you forge on techbroker.com via telnet:
C:\>telnet techbroker.com 110
+OK <30961.5910984301@techbroker.com> service ready
Give this command:
user xyz
+OK user is known
Then type in this:
pass test
+OK mail drop has 2 message(s)
retr 1
+OK message follows
This is a test.
If you want to know all possible commands, give this command:
help
+OK help list follows
USER user
PASS password
STAT
LIST [message]
RETR message
DELE message
NOOP
RSET
QUIT
APOP user md5
TOP message lines
UIDL [message]
HELP
Unless you use a weird online provider like AOL, you can use these same tricks
to send and receive your own email. Or you can forge email to a friend by
telnetting to his or her online provider's email sending computer(s).
With most online providers you need to get the exact name of their email
computer(s). Often it is simply mail.targetcomputer.com (substitute the name of
the online provider for targetcomputer). If this doesn't work, you can find out
the name of their email server with the DOS nslookup program, which only runs
from cmd.exe. Here's an example:
C:\ >nslookup
Default Server: DNS1.wurld.net
Address: 206.61.52.11
> set q=mx
> dimensional.com
Server: DNS1.wurld.net
Address: 206.61.52.11
dimensional.com MX preference = 5, mail exchanger =
mail.dimensional.com
dimensional.com MX preference = 10, mail exchanger =
mx2.dimensional.com
dimensional.com MX preference = 20, mail exchanger =
mx3.dimensional.com
dimensional.com nameserver = ns.dimensional.com
dimensional.com nameserver = ns-1.dimensional.com
dimensional.com nameserver = ns-2.dimensional.com
dimensional.com nameserver = ns-3.dimensional.com
dimensional.com nameserver = ns-4.dimensional.com
mail.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.0.11
mx2.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.0.30
mx3.dimensional.com internet address = 209.98.32.54
ns.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.0.10
ns.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.26.254
ns.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.0.254
ns.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.1.254
ns.dimensional.com internet address = 209.98.32.54
ns.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.0.32
ns.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.0.30
ns.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.0.25
ns.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.0.15
ns.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.0.21
ns.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.0.9
ns-1.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.26.254
ns-2.dimensional.com internet address = 209.98.32.54
ns-3.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.1.254
ns-4.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.0.254
>
The lines that tell you what computers will let you forge email to people with
@dimensional.com addresses are:
dimensional.com MX preference = 5, mail exchanger =
mail.dimensional.com
dimensional.com MX preference = 10, mail exchanger =
mx2.dimensional.com
dimensional.com MX preference = 20, mail exchanger =
mx3.dimensional.com
MX stands for mail exchange. The lower the preference number, the more they
would like you to use that address for email.If that lowest number server is too
busy, then try another server.
Sometimes when you ask about a mail server, nslookup will give you this kind of
error message:
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
*** Request to [207.217.120.202] timed-out
To get around this problem, you need to find out what are the domain servers for
your target online provider. A good place to start looking is
http://netsol.com/cgi-bin/whois/whois . If this doesn't work, see
http://happyhacker.org/HHA/fightback.shtml for how to find the domain servers
for any Internet address.
trouble no matter what you do to it? I've set up my techbroker.com
(206.61.52.33) with user xyz, password guest for you to play with. Here's how to
forge email to xyz@techbroker.com using telnet. Start with the command:
C:\>telnet techbroker.com 25
Connecting To Techbroker.com
220
Now you type in who you want the message to appear to come from:
helo santa@techbroker.com
Techbroker.com will answer:
250
Next type in your mail from address:
mail from:santa@techbroker.com
250 Requested mail action okay, completed
Your next command:
rcpt to:xyz@techbroker.com
250 Requested mail action okay, completed
Your next command:
data
354 Start main input; end with
period between the
enter, type a period, then hit enter again. Anyhow, try typing:
This is a test.
.
250 Requested mail action okay, completed
quit
221
Connection to host lost.
Using techbroker's mail server, even if you enable full headers, the message we
just composed looks like:
Status: R
X-status: N
This is a test.
That's a pretty pathetic forged email, huh? No "from", no date. However, you can
make your headers better by using a trick with the data command. After you give
it, you can insert as many headers as you choose. The trick is easier to show
than explain:
220
helo santa@northpole.org
250
mail from:santa@northpole.com
250 Requested mail action okay, completed
rcpt to:cmeinel@techbroker.com
250 Requested mail action okay, completed
data
354 Start main input; end with
from:santa@deer.northpole.org
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 10:09:16 -0500
Subject: Rudolf
This is a Santa test.
.
250 Requested mail action okay, completed
quit
221
Connection to host lost.
The message then looks like:
from:santa@deer.northpole.org
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 10:09:16 -0500
Subject: Rudolf
This is a Santa test.
The trick is to start each line you want in the headers with one word followed
by a colon, and the a line followed by "return". As soon as you write a line
that doesn't begin this way, the rest of what you type goes into the body of the
email.
Notice that the santa@northpole.com from the "mail from:" command didn't show up
in the header. Some mail servers would show both "from" addresses.
You can forge email on techbroker.com within one strict limitation. Your email
has to go to someone at techbroker.com. If you can find any way to send email to
someone outside techbroker, let us know, because you will have broken our
security, muhahaha! Don't worry, you have my permission.
Next, you can read the email you forge on techbroker.com via telnet:
C:\>telnet techbroker.com 110
+OK <30961.5910984301@techbroker.com> service ready
Give this command:
user xyz
+OK user is known
Then type in this:
pass test
+OK mail drop has 2 message(s)
retr 1
+OK message follows
This is a test.
If you want to know all possible commands, give this command:
help
+OK help list follows
USER user
PASS password
STAT
LIST [message]
RETR message
DELE message
NOOP
RSET
QUIT
APOP user md5
TOP message lines
UIDL [message]
HELP
Unless you use a weird online provider like AOL, you can use these same tricks
to send and receive your own email. Or you can forge email to a friend by
telnetting to his or her online provider's email sending computer(s).
With most online providers you need to get the exact name of their email
computer(s). Often it is simply mail.targetcomputer.com (substitute the name of
the online provider for targetcomputer). If this doesn't work, you can find out
the name of their email server with the DOS nslookup program, which only runs
from cmd.exe. Here's an example:
C:\ >nslookup
Default Server: DNS1.wurld.net
Address: 206.61.52.11
> set q=mx
> dimensional.com
Server: DNS1.wurld.net
Address: 206.61.52.11
dimensional.com MX preference = 5, mail exchanger =
mail.dimensional.com
dimensional.com MX preference = 10, mail exchanger =
mx2.dimensional.com
dimensional.com MX preference = 20, mail exchanger =
mx3.dimensional.com
dimensional.com nameserver = ns.dimensional.com
dimensional.com nameserver = ns-1.dimensional.com
dimensional.com nameserver = ns-2.dimensional.com
dimensional.com nameserver = ns-3.dimensional.com
dimensional.com nameserver = ns-4.dimensional.com
mail.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.0.11
mx2.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.0.30
mx3.dimensional.com internet address = 209.98.32.54
ns.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.0.10
ns.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.26.254
ns.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.0.254
ns.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.1.254
ns.dimensional.com internet address = 209.98.32.54
ns.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.0.32
ns.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.0.30
ns.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.0.25
ns.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.0.15
ns.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.0.21
ns.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.0.9
ns-1.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.26.254
ns-2.dimensional.com internet address = 209.98.32.54
ns-3.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.1.254
ns-4.dimensional.com internet address = 206.124.0.254
>
The lines that tell you what computers will let you forge email to people with
@dimensional.com addresses are:
dimensional.com MX preference = 5, mail exchanger =
mail.dimensional.com
dimensional.com MX preference = 10, mail exchanger =
mx2.dimensional.com
dimensional.com MX preference = 20, mail exchanger =
mx3.dimensional.com
MX stands for mail exchange. The lower the preference number, the more they
would like you to use that address for email.If that lowest number server is too
busy, then try another server.
Sometimes when you ask about a mail server, nslookup will give you this kind of
error message:
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
*** Request to [207.217.120.202] timed-out
To get around this problem, you need to find out what are the domain servers for
your target online provider. A good place to start looking is
http://netsol.com/cgi-bin/whois/whois . If this doesn't work, see
http://happyhacker.org/HHA/fightback.shtml for how to find the domain servers
for any Internet address.
Category:
��
1:01 PM |
Posted in
What is all this about headers? It's stuff at the beginning of an
email that may - or may not - tell you a lot about where it came from and when.
To see full headers, in Outlook click view -> full headers. In Eudora, click the
"Blah blah blah" icon.
email that may - or may not - tell you a lot about where it came from and when.
To see full headers, in Outlook click view -> full headers. In Eudora, click the
"Blah blah blah" icon.
Category:
��
12:52 PM |
Posted in
Newbie note:
Lots of people email me asking how to learn what their user name
and password are. Stop laughing, darn it, they really do. If you don't know your
user name and password, that means whoever runs that computer didn't give you an
account and doesn't want you to log on.
Then comes the message:
Password:
Again, be exact in typing in your password.
What if this doesn't work?
Every day people write to me complaining they can't telnet. That is usually
because they try to telnet into a computer, or a port on a computer that is set
up to refuse telnet connections. Here's what it might look like when a computer
refuses a telnet connection:
C:\ >telnet 10.0.0.3
Connecting To 10.0.0.3...Could not open connection to the host, on port 23. A
connection attempt failed because the connected party did not properly respond
after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host
has failed to respond.
Or you might see:
C:\ >telnet hotmail.com
Connecting To hotmail.com...Could not open connection to the host, on port
23. No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it.
If you just give the telnet command without giving a port number, it will
automatically try to connect on port 23, which sometimes runs a telnet server.
note: your Windows computer has a telnet client program, meaning it will
let you telnet out of it. However you have to install a telnet server before
anyone can telnet into port 23 on your computer.
If telnet failed to connect, possibly the computer you were trying to telnet
into was down or just plain no longer in existence. Maybe the people who run
that computer don't want you to telnet into it.
Even though you can't telnet into an account inside some computer, often you can
get some information back or get that computer to do something interesting for
you. Yes, you can get a telnet connection to succeed -without doing anything
illegal --against almost any computer, even if you don't have permission to log
in. There are many legal things you can do to many randomly chosen computers
with telnet. For example:
C:/telnet freeshell.org 22
SSH-1.99-OpenSSH_3.4p1
That tells us the target computer is running an SSH server, which enables
encrypted connections between computers. If you want to SSH into an account
there, you can get a shell account for free at http://freeshell.org . You can
get a free SSH client program from http://winfiles.com .
***************
You can get punched in the nose warning: Your online provider might kick you off
for making telnet probes of other computers. The solution is to get a local
online provider and make friends with the people who run it, and convince them
you are just doing harmless, legal explorations.
*************
Sometimes a port is running an interesting program, but a firewall won't let you
in. For example, 10.0.0.3, a computer on my local area network, runs an email
sending program, (sendmail working together with Postfix, and using Kmail to
compose emails). I can use it from an account inside 10.0.0.3 to send emails
with headers that hide from where I send things.
If I try to telnet to this email program from outside this computer, here's what
happens:
C:\>telnet 10.0.0.3 25
Connecting To 10.0.0.3...Could not open connection to the host, on port 25. No
connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it.
However, if I log into an account on 10.0.0.3 and then telnet from inside to
port 25, here's what I get:
Last login: Fri Oct 18 13:56:58 2002 from 10.0.0.1
Have a lot of fun...
cmeinel@test-box:~> telnet localhost 25
Trying ::1...
telnet: connect to address ::1: Connection refused
Trying 127.0.0.1... [Carolyn's note: 127.0.0.1 is the numerical address meaning
localhost, the same computer you are logged into]
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 test-box.local ESMTP Postfix
The reason I keep this port 25 hidden behind a firewall is to keep people from
using it to try to break in or to forge email. Now the ubergeniuses reading this
will start to make fun of me because no Internet address that begins with 10. is
reachable from the Internet. However, sometimes I place this "test-box" computer
online with a static Internet address, meaning whenever it is on the Internet,
it always has the same numerical address. I'm not going to tell you what its
Internet address is because I don't want anyone messing with it. I just want to
mess with other people's computers with it, muhahaha. That's also why I always
keep my Internet address from showing up in the headers of my emails.
Lots of people email me asking how to learn what their user name
and password are. Stop laughing, darn it, they really do. If you don't know your
user name and password, that means whoever runs that computer didn't give you an
account and doesn't want you to log on.
Then comes the message:
Password:
Again, be exact in typing in your password.
What if this doesn't work?
Every day people write to me complaining they can't telnet. That is usually
because they try to telnet into a computer, or a port on a computer that is set
up to refuse telnet connections. Here's what it might look like when a computer
refuses a telnet connection:
C:\ >telnet 10.0.0.3
Connecting To 10.0.0.3...Could not open connection to the host, on port 23. A
connection attempt failed because the connected party did not properly respond
after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host
has failed to respond.
Or you might see:
C:\ >telnet hotmail.com
Connecting To hotmail.com...Could not open connection to the host, on port
23. No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it.
If you just give the telnet command without giving a port number, it will
automatically try to connect on port 23, which sometimes runs a telnet server.
note: your Windows computer has a telnet client program, meaning it will
let you telnet out of it. However you have to install a telnet server before
anyone can telnet into port 23 on your computer.
If telnet failed to connect, possibly the computer you were trying to telnet
into was down or just plain no longer in existence. Maybe the people who run
that computer don't want you to telnet into it.
Even though you can't telnet into an account inside some computer, often you can
get some information back or get that computer to do something interesting for
you. Yes, you can get a telnet connection to succeed -without doing anything
illegal --against almost any computer, even if you don't have permission to log
in. There are many legal things you can do to many randomly chosen computers
with telnet. For example:
C:/telnet freeshell.org 22
SSH-1.99-OpenSSH_3.4p1
That tells us the target computer is running an SSH server, which enables
encrypted connections between computers. If you want to SSH into an account
there, you can get a shell account for free at http://freeshell.org . You can
get a free SSH client program from http://winfiles.com .
***************
You can get punched in the nose warning: Your online provider might kick you off
for making telnet probes of other computers. The solution is to get a local
online provider and make friends with the people who run it, and convince them
you are just doing harmless, legal explorations.
*************
Sometimes a port is running an interesting program, but a firewall won't let you
in. For example, 10.0.0.3, a computer on my local area network, runs an email
sending program, (sendmail working together with Postfix, and using Kmail to
compose emails). I can use it from an account inside 10.0.0.3 to send emails
with headers that hide from where I send things.
If I try to telnet to this email program from outside this computer, here's what
happens:
C:\>telnet 10.0.0.3 25
Connecting To 10.0.0.3...Could not open connection to the host, on port 25. No
connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it.
However, if I log into an account on 10.0.0.3 and then telnet from inside to
port 25, here's what I get:
Last login: Fri Oct 18 13:56:58 2002 from 10.0.0.1
Have a lot of fun...
cmeinel@test-box:~> telnet localhost 25
Trying ::1...
telnet: connect to address ::1: Connection refused
Trying 127.0.0.1... [Carolyn's note: 127.0.0.1 is the numerical address meaning
localhost, the same computer you are logged into]
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 test-box.local ESMTP Postfix
The reason I keep this port 25 hidden behind a firewall is to keep people from
using it to try to break in or to forge email. Now the ubergeniuses reading this
will start to make fun of me because no Internet address that begins with 10. is
reachable from the Internet. However, sometimes I place this "test-box" computer
online with a static Internet address, meaning whenever it is on the Internet,
it always has the same numerical address. I'm not going to tell you what its
Internet address is because I don't want anyone messing with it. I just want to
mess with other people's computers with it, muhahaha. That's also why I always
keep my Internet address from showing up in the headers of my emails.
Category:
��
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About Me
- Ranju
- There is one question that evry one has asked themselves at some point of their life & "ho am I...?" I am neither Einstien nor Newton. Neither Brad pitt nor Arnold. Neither sachin nor ricky ponting. Niether vishwanathan nor mike. Neither Binladen nor dawood. Neither jiddane nor ronaldo.......... I am wat I am,A jack of all traits... Hey dont underestimate me by thinking tat I am master in none.... You can e-mail your requests to ranju.m.nair@gmail.com or can comment on posts . Please e-mail me if you know any tips and tricks or stuff like that I will post it with your name in my blog. Thank you for Your Support...
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- Lock Your Drives and Folders Using Registry Tweaks
- BLOCKING USER TO SHUTDOWN PC
- BLOCK AND UNBLOCK WEBSITES
- FURIOUS FIREFOX
- Firefox Hacks
- Hack IE Title Bar
- BSNL hack for Internet Free gprs in bsnl
- For All Airtel Users
- Airtel Hack for free internet
- Airte hacks for gprs.
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- A B C of computing
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September
(28)
- Recovering Windows Password
- Host Resolution Priority Tweak host name resolutio...
- Increase your Internet speed!!!
- Hacking Videos
- All IMportant Run Commands for WIndows
- Usefull tools
- Change your login screen according to your wish!
- Delete windows being in windows.
- xp product key
- How to Clone a Hard Drive
- Format a HDD with notepad
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November
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